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发表于 2013-12-30 01:23:17
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纵观Linux各发行版使用的软件包管理命令,如apt-get ,dpkg, rpm ,yum,emerge等等。在命令行下,利用这类软件包管理方式来安装、卸载软件,升级软件包都将提高操作效率。Linux 的图形界面,也可以很好的完成相关操作。但是,使用命令行方式,将会得到比图形界面更好地体验。
本文给大家讲解Yum的使用15个范例:
Yum软件包管理方式,在Red Hat,Fedora,CentOS等发行版本上运用广泛。
#1,安装软件
命令格式:
yum install packagename
举例:
# yum install postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
Install 2 Package(s)
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Package(s) data still to download: 3.0 M
(1/2): postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 2.8 MB 00:11
(2/2): postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64.rpm | 203 kB 00:00
------------------------------------------------------------------
Total 241 kB/s | 3.0 MB 00:12
Running Transaction
Installing : postgresql-libs-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/2
Installing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 2/2
Complete!
上述过程中会提示你是否同意安装软件,如果嫌此问麻烦的话,可以使用下面参数-y,直接安装软件:
举例:
# yum -y install postgresql.x86_64
#2,卸载软件
命令格式:
yum remove package举例:
# yum remove postgresql.x86_64
Resolving Dependencies
---> Package postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15 will be erased
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running Transaction
Erasing : postgresql-9.0.4-5.fc15.x86_64 1/1
Removed:
postgresql.x86_64 0:9.0.4-5.fc15
Complete!
#3,升级现有软件包
命令格式:
yum update package使用举例:
# yum update postgresql.x86_64
#4,“yum search”搜索已安装软件包
命令格式:
yum search keyword使用举例,搜索软件包firefox:
# yum search firefox
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
============== N/S Matched: firefox ======================
firefox.x86_64 : Mozilla Firefox Web browser
gnome-do-plugins-firefox.x86_64 : gnome-do-plugins for firefox
mozilla-firetray-firefox.x86_64 : System tray extension for firefox
mozilla-adblockplus.noarch : Adblocking extension for Mozilla Firefox
mozilla-noscript.noarch : JavaScript white list extension for Mozilla Firefox
Name and summary matches only, use "search all" for everything.
#5,使用yum info查看软件包额外信息
命令格式:
yum info package使用举例:
# yum info samba-common.i686
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
Available Packages
Name : samba-common
Arch : i686
Epoch : 1
Version : 3.5.11
Release : 71.fc15.1
Size : 9.9 M
Repo : updates
Summary : Files used by both Samba servers and clients
URL : http://www.samba.org/
License : GPLv3+ and LGPLv3+
Description : Samba-common provides files necessary for both the server and client
: packages of Samba.
#6,“yum list”查看可安装的软件包
下面命令将会列出可安装的软件包:
# yum list | less
#7,“yum list installed”列出已安装软件包
可使用命令“yum list installed” 查看在系统上已安装的软件包:
# yum list installed | less
#8,”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包
大家可以使用”yum provides”查看特定文件属于哪个软件包:
举例:
# yum provides /etc/sysconfig/nfs
Loaded plugins: langpacks, presto, refresh-packagekit
1:nfs-utils-1.2.3-10.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : fedora
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : updates
Matched from:
Filename : /etc/sysconfig/nfs
1:nfs-utils-1.2.4-1.fc15.x86_64 : NFS utilities and supporting clients and
: daemons for the kernel NFS server
Repo : installed
Matched from:
Other : Provides-match: /etc/sysconfig/nfs
#9,”yum grouplist”列出可获得的软件组
在yum中,几个相关的软件包会被放在一个特定的组内。大家安装某个软件组,这样就会安装该组所有的软件包。
使用举例:
# yum grouplist
Installed Groups:
Administration Tools
Base
Design Suite
....
Installed Language Groups:
Arabic Support [ar]
Armenian Support [hy]
Bengali Support [bn]
....
Available Groups:
Authoring and Publishing
Books and Guides
Clustering
DNS Name Server
Development Libraries
Development Tools
Directory Server
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